Requirements of Good Building Stones
The following are the requirements of good building stones:
(i) Strength: The stone should be able to resist
the load coming on it. Ordinarilly this is not of
primary concern since all stones are having good strength. However in
case of large structure, it may be
necessary to check the strength.
(ii) Durability: Stones selected should be
capable of resisting adverse effects of natural forces
like wind, rain and heat.
(iii) Hardness: The stone used in floors and
pavements should be able to resist abrasive forces
caused by movement of men and materials over them.
(iv) Toughness: Building stones should be tough
enough to sustain stresses developed due to
vibrations. The vibrations may be due to the machinery mounted over them
or due to the loads moving
over them. The stone aggregates used in the road constructions should be
tough.
(v) Specific Gravity: Heavier variety of stones
should be used for the construction of dams,
retaining walls, docks and harbours. The specific gravity of good
building stone is between 2.4 and 2.8.
(vi) Porosity and Absorption: Building stone
should not be porous. If it is porous rain water
enters into the pour and reacts with stone and crumbles it. In higher
altitudes, the freezing of water in
pores takes place and it results into the disintegration of the stone.
(vii) Dressing: Giving required shape to the
stone is called dressing. It should be easy to dress so
that the cost of dressing is reduced. However the care should be taken
so that, this is not be at the cost of
the required strength and the durability.
(viii) Appearance: In case of the stones to be
used for face works, where appearance is a primary
requirement, its colour and ability to receive polish is an important
factor.
(ix) Seasoning: Good stones should be free from
the quarry sap. Laterite stones should not be
used for 6 to 12 months after quarrying. They are allowed to get rid of
quarry sap by the action of
nature. This process of removing quarry sap is called seasoning.
(x) Cost: Cost is an important consideration in
selecting a building material. Proximity of the
quarry to building site brings down the cost of transportation and hence
the cost of stones comes down.
However it may be noted that not a single stone can satisfy all the
requirements of a good
building stones, since one requirement may contradict another. For
example, strength and durability
requirement contradicts ease of dressing requirement. Hence it is
necessary that site engineer looks into
the properties required for the inteded work and selects the stone.
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